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流量劫持罪名认定的困境与纾解——基于数据安全法益的视角
网络安全与数据治理
许瀚文
甘肃政法大学涉外法治学院
摘要: 流量劫持不仅会因破坏市场竞争秩序被反不正当竞争法规制,还有可能因参与网络黑灰产业犯罪而落入刑法范畴。基于行为复杂与主体多元的特性,流量劫持的罪名认定存在计算机犯罪与财产犯罪两种典型观点,其背后反映出虚拟财产法益、网络秩序法益与系统安全法益的取舍。基于流量劫持行为过程和应用场景的考量,其本质应为对计算机信息系统或应用程序的数据通信行为加以非法控制,侵害了数据安全法益。破坏计算机信息系统罪所保护的数据安全法益,与流量劫持的侵害法益趋同,具有适用的可行性与必要性;同时需要对数据、应用程序、干扰等入罪要件进行刑法教义学释义。
中图分类号:D922文献标识码:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.03.008
引用格式:许瀚文.流量劫持罪名认定的困境与纾解[J].网络安全与数据治理,2024,43(3):49-54.
The dilemma and relief of traffic hijacking offense determination ——Based on the perspective of the legal benefits of data security
Xu Hanwen
School of Foreign Affairs and Law,Gansu University of Political Science and Law
Abstract: Traffic hijacking is not only regulated by the anti unfair competition law for destroying the order of market competition, but also may fall into the scope of criminal law for participating in the crime of network black ash industry. Based on the complexity of the behavior and the characteristics of multiple subjects, there are two typical views on the determination of the crime of traffic hijacking, namely, computer crime and property crime, which reflect the trade offs between the legal benefits of virtual asset, the legal benefits of online order and the legal benefits of system safety.Based on the consideration of the behavioral process and applications of traffic hijacking, its essence shall be to unlawfully control the behavior of application program or data communication of the computerized information system, which infringes on the legal interests of data security. The legal interests of data security protected by the crime of damaging computer information systems are convergent with those infringed upon by traffic hijacking, and the application is feasible and necessary,at the same time, it is necessary to carry out a jurisprudential interpretation of the elements of incrimination, such as data, application programs and interference.
Key words : traffic hijacking; data security; system security; interference; application program

引言

随着互联网的普及和数字化进程的加速,流量劫持所造成的社会危害性日益凸显,成为网络安全领域的重要议题。数字经济下的流量与收益直接挂钩,一旦本属于某些经营者的流量被恶意转移,其盈利能力必将大幅削弱;而且流量劫持人为设置消费者与网络平台直接联系的障碍,使得消费者自愿或者被迫放弃目标搜索页面,进而提高了搜索信息的成本。正因如此,流量劫持行为出现之初,因其违反了公平竞争的原则,主要由《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》进行规制。然而,流量劫持严重损害公民个人信息安全、财产安全和社会秩序,因此具有刑法规制的必要性。2015年,上海市浦东新区人民法院对付宣豪、黄子超破坏计算机信息系统案作出入刑的判决以来,流量劫持的刑法定性与量刑规则引起了刑法学界和实务部门的关注。基于此,本文从数据安全法益的视角出发,对流量劫持的罪名认定进行深入研究,通过对流量劫持的行为解构和类型化进行详细阐述,立足对相关罪名的检视和法益溯因分析,提出数据安全法益视角下流量劫持罪名的纾困路径,以期对流量劫持的刑法定性与规制有所裨益。


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作者信息:

许瀚文

甘肃政法大学涉外法治学院,甘肃兰州730070


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